malignant 的反义词是benign,如“恶性肿瘤”是malignant tumour4,而“良性肿瘤”是benign tumour。vicious 的反义词是 virtuous,如“恶性循环”是vicious circle,而“良性循环”是
virtuous circle。表示“恶性竞争”和“良性竞争”时,要用malignant competition和benign competition,或 vicious competition和 virtuous competition,不可混淆。
“恶性”的意思是“能产生严重或危险后果的”。英语可以译为vicious, malignant, pernicious, grave, cutthroat。例如:
1. 圈地的后果是将贫穷农民陷入贫困的恶性循环。The effect of the land enclosure was to leave the poor peasants in a vicious circle of poverty。
2. 中药治疗恶性肿瘤有其独特的优势。The treatment of malignant tumour with traditional Chinese medicine has its unique advantage。