"It" 和 "That" 都是英语中的代词,但它们的用法和意义有所不同。
"It" 通常用作形式主语或形式宾语,而"That" 通常用作实质主语或实质宾语,在句子 "It is raining" 中,"It" 是形式主语,真正的主语是 "raining";在句子 "I think that it is raining" 中,"That" 是实质主语,真正的主语是 "I think"。
"It" 可以用来代替无生命的事物,而"That" 则不能,我们说 "I bought a book. It was interesting",这里的 "It" 代替的是前文提到的书;但我们不能说 "I bought a book. That was interesting",因为 "That" 不能代替书。
"It" 的用法比"That" 更广泛,我们可以说 "It is important to study",也可以说 "I found it difficult to understand",而 "That" 只能用在某些特定的结构中,如 "I think that you are right"。
"It" 和 "That" 在语法上有不同的用法和含义,需要根据具体的语境来选择使用哪一个。