"How are you doing?" is a common English phrase used to ask how someone is feeling or doing. It can be used in a variety of situations, such as when greeting someone, catching up with friends, or asking about someone's well-being after a period of time. The question is polite and shows concern for the other person's emotional state. In response, one could say "I'm doing well, thank you. How about you?" or "I'm okay, thanks for asking."