"How are you doing?" is the common English phrase used to ask about someone's well-being. It can be asked in various contexts, such as a casual conversation with friends or a professional meeting with colleagues. The question itself is not meant to judge or evaluate someone's situation, but rather to show interest and care towards their emotional state. In response, one can say "I'm fine, thank you" or provide more details about their current situation. Overall, this simple question is a way of connecting with others and expressing empathy in English language communication.